Shiloh Township is one of sixteen townships in Jefferson County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2010 census, its population was 6,620 and it contained 3,204 housing units. 

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 36.32 square miles (94.1 km2), of which 36.24 square miles (93.9 km2) (or 99.78%) is land and 0.07 square miles (0.18 km2) (or 0.19%) is water.[2] The township is centered at 38°21′N 88°59′W (38.344,-88.982). It is transversed north–south by Interstate Route 57 and east–west by Interstate Route 64 and State Route 15. 

The township contains these eight cemeteries: Memorial Garden, New Shiloh, Oddfellows, Old Shiloh, Pleasant Grove, Reynolds, Slade, and West Salem.

Shiloh received its name from the Shiloh Church, which played a significant role in the early settlement of the area. The church likely took its name from the biblical Shiloh, which was an ancient city in Israel. In the Bible, Shiloh was a place of religious significance and served as the location of the Tabernacle before the construction of the Temple in Jerusalem. The name “Shiloh” carries historical and spiritual connotations, and it became associated with the community that grew around the church in Shiloh Township, Jefferson County, Illinois.